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TECH: Tallest 3D Building in the World
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Tallest 3D Building in the World
By Fanny Bates

BT 201801 Archetiture 12      房子也能3D打印?你没听错,最近来自上海的一家建筑公司上海盈创(WinSun)确实用3D打印机建造了两座建筑,一座是位于上海的1100平方米别墅,而另一座是位于苏州的5层住宅楼,而后者也是目前世界上最高的3D打印建筑。据悉,打印一层住宅楼的时间仅需1天,然后再花5天时间就能将它们组装完毕,而那幢别墅则从里到外完完全全都是由巨型3D打印机一次性完成的。根据目前3D打印技术的水平推算,24小时内几乎可以打印建造出10幢房屋。打印建筑所使用的3D打印机高达6.6米,原理与一般的3D打印机基本相同,不过原料却换成了水泥和玻璃纤维的混合物,而这种特殊的建筑材料还可回收利用,大大减轻了建筑废料造成的环境压力。

      WinSun公司在利用3D打印技术建造房屋时,需要分别打印出不同的房屋模块,例如水泥/玻璃以及钢筋等不同的模块。并且搭建时要充分考虑到房屋建成后各个模块之间热胀冷缩的特性,确保房屋的坚固程度。但需要注意的是,打印出来的房屋无论从面积还是结构上都极其简单,并不是传统意义上的私家豪宅。不过Winsun公司的初衷也并不是为了打造民用住宅,而是打算将该项技术应用到抗震救灾的临时性房屋工程中去。当台风、洪水以及地震等自然灾害来袭时,为民众及时提供临时居住之所。

      除了本土客户,该公司在中东地区及美国等地的拓展合作也非常丰硕,3D打印技术不仅可用于建筑,还能用于高速铁路建设等高新科技。未来, 人们可以定制建筑、可以移动建筑、可以3D打印建筑,生活将更加便利且美好。

BT 201801 Archetiture 06 WinSun founder Ma Yihe

WinSun founder Ma Yihe

Technological achievements show that fantasy can indeed become a reality. Today, it is no longer impossible to realize that 3D printing is a real deal. You can print everything from cars, parts, tiny figures, toys to all medical aids. The power of 3D design software allows the creation of complex objects, layer by layer, bypassing the traditional design and production steps. It is an amazing fact that 3D printing has existed for decades, but because of its high prices, it was only reserved for the industry. Over the recent years, three-dimensional printing has been experiencing global expansion due to the appearance of a large number of device manufacturers.

BT 201801 Archetiture 02 WinSuns Chinese style courtyard houses at its headquarters in Suzhou

WinSun's Chinese-style courtyard houses at its headquarters in Suzhou

Architecture and 3D Printing

Architects from all over the world are developing new ways for faster building of big constructions, even entire houses, and buildings. A major breakthrough in this area was made by Chinese architects who introduced the first 3D printer to construct ten houses in one day. They employed a 3D printer that prints in colour and uses more than one material.

BT 201801 Archetiture 04 A 3D printed Chinese style courtyard home built by WinSun in Suzhou Industrial Park

A 3D-printed Chinese-style courtyard home built by WinSun, in Suzhou Industrial Park

3D printer uses technology that combines drops of three different materials, thus reducing the time for printing various parts of construction. The printer incorporates classic colour mixing, allowing them to print items in hundreds of different colours. The basic materials are rubber and plastics, but they can be combined to create objects of varying flexibility and strength.

BT 201801 Archetiture 05 The courtyard homes interior with a nod to the buildings 3D printed origins in the panel behind the artwork

The courtyard home’s interior, with a nod to the building’s 3D-printed origins in the panel behind the artwork

The company claims that the printer will bring great time-saving to designers and manufacturers, and its price will be around $330,000. Saudi Arabia's long-term plan is to create a city of dreams worth $100 billion by 2035. The question arises as to when this 3D printer will become available to the common people and replace traditional production. For now, because of the price, this technology can't be a competition for mass production, but in future, it is possible to expect changes. One thing is certain, the technological revolution has begun.
 

China's Tallest 3D Building Is Already Constructed

After printing 10 homes in one day, the Chinese company WinSun is now using a 3D printer to build a five-floor residential building using building waste. Architects behind the project say this is currently the highest printed building in the world. WinSun also made a luxury villa of 1100 square meters using the same technology. A fully decorated villa will otherwise cost more than $160,000. The whole floor is printed in one day. To accomplish this huge task, they used a 40-meter long and 6-meter high-speed printer. They used construction waste that contains steel, glass fibres, cement and other additives. The machine draws the material layer over layer and creates building blocks. They are then assembled together with steel reinforcements and insulation on the construction site.

BT 201801 Archetiture 07 A Western style villa by WinSun which was printed in three days

A Western-style villa by WinSun, which was printed in three days

The company that prints these buildings claims that they are completely safe for housing and are planning to build 12-floor buildings. According to their calculations on building materials, 3D printing can save between 30 and 60 percent material, while the price is reduced by 50 to 80 percent. In addition, they calculated that construction time is shorter by 50 to 70 percent. They don’t need to look for material, dig in the quarries, and destroy the environment, and in China, environment and pollution have become matters of crucial importance.

BT 201801 Archetiture 08 The interior of the Western style villa by WinSun

The interior of the Western-style villa by WinSun

These homes are simply printed. They were constructed of a mixture of construction waste that was poured into printed molds in the layers. The parts were transported to the construction site and assembled there, just like a "real" home. Their 3D printer is moved to a secret location, and no one can access without a special license for security reasons and industrial espionage. It is assumed that this printer is 150 meters long, 6.6 feet high and ten feet wide. Last year, the entire area around Tiananmen in Beijing was decorated with unusually large ale trees with flowers and gingerbread fruit all printed out. WinSun is starting to build factories around the world, as was announced by Ma Yihe, the company's director.

BT 201801 Archetiture 09 Pollution readings outside and inside a BSB prefab building

Pollution readings outside and inside a BSB prefab building
 

They have teamed up with an American company whose name they still do not want to reveal, but they claim that this company has a huge impact on the Middle East. Over the next few years, they will make a 3D printer factory in 20 countries, including the UK and France. WinSun will give its printer and formula to create "ink" made of sand, and stamps will be printed on the spot. By providing these kinds of services, they are taking future technologies to a whole new level.

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