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China's sweeping new law restricting sensitive exports comes into effect
Published on: 2020-12-02
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China’s broadly defined export control law came into effect on Tuesday, expanding Beijing’s arsenal of countermeasures to trade restrictions imposed by other countries.
 

The law, first drafted in 2017 and approved in late October, bears resemblance to US Export Administration Regulations, including a list of controlled items like sensitive technology, military goods, dual-use items that have both civil and military uses, and a licence requirement for anyone who intends to export or re-export these goods.
 

The regulation is widely viewed as a response to United States’ restrictions on Chinese technology firms like Huawei Technologies Co., which has seen access to American technology severed amid a growing tech war between the world’s two largest powers.
 

The new law explicitly allows China to retaliate against a country that violates export controls and endangers national security, although the definition of abuse is not clearly defined.

The regulation would allow Beijing to take “radical positions in terms of trade exports” as it was much broader than similar legislation in other countries.
 

For instance, the government would be authorised to restrict exports to foreign companies deemed to threaten China’s national security or national interests. It would also require exporters to apply for licenses for export transactions not covered by published control lists that might potentially harm China.
 

出口管制法正式生效

中国周二(12月1日)开始实施《出口管制法》,这部法律主要针对可能损害中国国家安全的军事技术和其他产品的出口。
 

出口管制被广泛认为是对美国类似行动的回应。TikTok、华为和腾讯都是美国对中国科技打击行动的受害者。
 

今年10月22日,中国首部《出口管制法》在十三届全国人大常委会第二十二次会议通过。
 

当时中国商务部新闻发言人高峰称,自2017年开始中国启动了出口管制法的立法工作,是为更好履行相关国际义务,适应新形势下出口管制工作需要,维护中国国家安全和利益。
 

该法规定,管制物项包括“两用物项、军品、核以及其他与维护国家安全和利益、履行防扩散等国际义务相关的货物、技术、服务等”,管制物项包括物项相关的技术资料等数据。
 

该法还规定,中国对管制物项的出口实行许可制度,出口商必须申请许可证才能出口管制清单中所列或受临时管制的任何物项。

该法规定,将对违法交易罚款:“出口经营者未取得相关管制物项的出口经营资格从事有关管制物项出口的,给予警告,责令停止违法行为,没收违法所得,违法经营额五十万元以上的,并处违法经营额五倍以上十倍以下罚款;没有违法经营额或者违法经营额不足五十万元的,并处五十万元以上五百万元以下罚款。”

该法律允许对海外组织或个人进行惩罚,这表明北京可能试图用它来限制全球敏感技术的销售。

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